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John R. Heller Jr.
Dr. John Roderick 'Rod' Heller (born 1904-1905, Fair Play, S.C., died May 4, 1989, Bethesda, Md., age 84, was a former director of the National Cancer Institute and then president/chief executive officer of the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City. He is best known for leading a series of drives for increased U.S. federal government funding for cancer research, a precursor of the so-called ''War on Cancer''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=The New York Times )〕
==Biography==
A native of the U.S. South, Dr. 'Rod' Heller was born in South Carolina. He performed undergraduate work at Clemson University and graduated from Emory University School of Medicine. In 1931, shortly after leaving medical school, he joined the United States Public Health Service. Specializing in the epidemiology of sexually transmitted diseases, he rose to the rank of Assistant Surgeon General of the United States. His work was aided, starting in 1943, with the dissemination of penicillin as a treatment for syphilis. World War II planning efforts made the fight against syphilis a high priority, and Dr. Heller was much praised for his work. He was named president of the American Venereal Disease Association in 1948-1949.〔
Following the successful epidemiological work against syphilis performed by the United States and allied nations in the 1940s, hopes rose that public health work could reduce death rates from cancer. Dr. Heller was named director of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) in 1948, serving until 1960. He was also president of the Cancer Public Health Association in 1957.〔 Director Heller worked with the U.S. Congress to create the National Cancer Chemotherapy Service Center in 1955 within NCI. During Heller's tenure, the Institute helped stimulate the development of several second-generation agents of chemotherapy. The Institute and Public Health Association also gathered statistically valid data on the prevalence of cancers within different populations and in different organs of the human body. While cancer death rates continued to rise in the United States in the 1950s, statistical evidence gathered through grant support from NCI during this period led to insights that would bear fruit later, including key supporting evidence for correlations (which had begun to be noted by 1948) between various life-cycle carcinomas and the consumption of tobacco.
In 1960, Dr. Heller moved to the private sector, accepting a position as president and chief executive officer at Sloan-Kettering. He was forced into partial retirement after becoming paralyzed by a stroke in 1963, becoming a consultant to the NCI and to the American Cancer Society. During this period, the Surgeon General of the United States issued a major public health recommendation against the smoking of cigarettes, backed by research performed with the help of Dr. Heller's guidance. Heller remained active in his consultancies until completing his retirement in 1976.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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